From one language to another: Typologically-guided model adaptation
FLEx
FLExtext comes from SIL International’s FieldWorks Language Explorer (FLEx) software. FLEx is a tool used by linguists to record and manage lexical information and interlinearize texts. It is designed to help linguists perform common tasks more efficiently.
For this project, we use output in the *.flextext format generated by the FLEx software as our input data.
Xigt
Xigt, or eXtensible Interlinear Glossed Text, is an XML format designed to make IGT, or interlinear glossed text, scalable and more easily processed by computers for applications in Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing.
For this project, we have extended the Xigt format to suit our particular needs.
<igt id="igt1">
<tier id="p" type="phrases">
<item id="p1">ihé pres əmə ləybədubu kədaywaydəno ?</item>
</tier>
<tier id="w" type="words" segmentation="p">
<item id="w1" segmentation="p1[0:2]">ihé</item>
<item id="w2" segmentation="p1[4:7]">pres</item>
<item id="w3" segmentation="p1[9:11]">əmə</item>
<item id="w4" segmentation="p1[13:21]">ləybədubu</item>
<item id="w5" segmentation="p1[23:34]">kədaywaydəno</item>
<item id="w6" segmentation="p1[36:36]">?</item>
</tier>
<tier id="m" type="morphemes" segmentation="w">
<item id="m1.1" type="stem" segmentation="w1[0:2]">ihé</item>
<item id="m2.1" type="stem" segmentation="w2[4:7]">pres</item>
<item id="m3.1" type="prefix" segmentation="w3[9:9]">ə-</item>
<item id="m3.2" type="stem" segmentation="w3[10:11]">mə</item>
<item id="m4.1" type="stem" segmentation="w4[13:15]">ləy</item>
<item id="m4.2" type="suffix" segmentation="w4[16:17]">-bə</item>
<item id="m4.3" type="enclitic" segmentation="w4[18:19]">=du</item>
<item id="m4.4" type="enclitic" segmentation="w4[20:21]">=bu</item>
<item id="m5.1" type="stem" segmentation="w5[23:27]">kəday</item>
<item id="m5.2" type="stem" segmentation="w5[28:30]">way</item>
<item id="m5.3" type="enclitic" segmentation="w5[31:32]">=də</item>
<item id="m5.4" type="enclitic" segmentation="w5[33:34]">=no</item>
</tier>
<tier id="g" type="glosses" alignment="m">
<item id="g1.1">(intj)</item>
<item id="g2.1">press</item>
<item id="g3.1">ATT-</item>
<item id="g3.2">one</item>
<item id="g4.1">be</item>
<item id="g4.2">-NOM</item>
<item id="g4.3">==DDET</item>
<item id="g4.4">==ADVR</item>
<item id="g5.1">where</item>
<item id="g5.2">thereabouts</item>
<item id="g5.3">==LOC</item>
<item id="g5.4">==INQ</item>
</tier>
<tier id="msa" type="msa" alignment="m">
<item id="msa1.1">interj </item>
<item id="msa2.1">n </item>
<item id="msa3.1">Attaches to any category</item>
<item id="msa3.2">Not Sure</item>
<item id="msa4.1">v </item>
<item id="msa4.2">v n</item>
<item id="msa4.3">Not Sure</item>
<item id="msa4.4">Not Sure</item>
<item id="msa5.1">adv </item>
<item id="msa5.2">Not Sure</item>
<item id="msa5.3">Not Sure</item>
<item id="msa5.4">Not Sure</item>
</tier>
<tier id="cf" type="cf" alignment="m">
<item id="cf1.1">ihé</item>
<item id="cf2.1">pres</item>
<item id="cf3.1">ə́-</item>
<item id="cf3.2">mə</item>
<item id="cf4.1">ləy</item>
<item id="cf4.2">-pə</item>
<item id="cf4.3">tú</item>
<item id="cf4.4">=pu</item>
<item id="cf5.1">kəday</item>
<item id="cf5.2">way</item>
<item id="cf5.3">=tə</item>
<item id="cf5.4">=no</item>
</tier>
<tier id="x" type="syntax" alignment="w">
<item id="x1" alignment="w1">interj</item>
<item id="x2" alignment="w2">n</item>
</tier>
<tier id="t" type="translations" alignment="p">
<item id="t1">By the way, do you know the whereabouts of that printing press?</item>
</tier>
</igt>
<paragraph guid="0dd43cbb-d9bf-438e-a239-86a1e7162834">
<phrases>
<phrase guid="0e60ef88-1949-4671-a9b6-9a06aeaa5c00">
<item type="segnum" lang="en">1</item>
<words>
<word guid="c135e579-6255-43c6-9bf4-e811d2283de6">
<item type="txt" lang="mni-fonipa">ihé</item>
<morphemes>
<morph type="stem" guid="d7f713e8-e8cf-11d3-9764-00c04f186933">
<item type="txt" lang="mni-fonipa">ihé</item>
<item type="cf" lang="mni-fonipa">ihé</item>
<item type="gls" lang="en">(intj)</item>
<item type="msa" lang="en">interj </item>
</morph>
</morphemes>
<item type="gls" lang="en">by the way</item>
<item type="pos" lang="en">interj</item>
</word>
<word guid="5cd7e5d9-318f-4fb3-bc74-09ca166ce7bd">
<item type="txt" lang="mni-fonipa">pres</item>
<morphemes>
<morph type="stem" guid="d7f713e8-e8cf-11d3-9764-00c04f186933">
<item type="txt" lang="mni-fonipa">pres</item>
<item type="cf" lang="mni-fonipa">pres</item>
<item type="gls" lang="en">press</item>
<item type="msa" lang="en">n </item>
</morph>
</morphemes>
<item type="gls" lang="en">press</item>
<item type="pos" lang="en">n</item>
</word>
<word guid="c24be63d-8bbe-4ed2-9630-97b6d9bde2f3">
<item type="txt" lang="mni-fonipa">əmə</item>
<morphemes>
<morph type="prefix" guid="d7f713db-e8cf-11d3-9764-00c04f186933">
<item type="txt" lang="mni-fonipa">ə-</item>
<item type="cf" lang="mni-fonipa">ə́-</item>
<item type="gls" lang="en">ATT-</item>
<item type="msa" lang="en">Attaches to any category</item>
</morph>
<morph type="stem" guid="d7f713e8-e8cf-11d3-9764-00c04f186933">
<item type="txt" lang="mni-fonipa">mə</item>
<item type="cf" lang="mni-fonipa">mə</item>
<item type="gls" lang="en">one</item>
<item type="msa" lang="en"><Not Sure></item>
</morph>
</morphemes>
<item type="gls" lang="en">the</item>
</word>
<word guid="ed74beb7-45c0-420f-815c-f03571d6f816">
<item type="txt" lang="mni-fonipa">ləybədubu</item>
<morphemes>
<morph type="stem" guid="d7f713e8-e8cf-11d3-9764-00c04f186933">
<item type="txt" lang="mni-fonipa">ləy</item>
<item type="cf" lang="mni-fonipa">ləy</item>
<item type="hn" lang="en">1</item>
<item type="gls" lang="en">be</item>
<item type="msa" lang="en">v </item>
</morph>
<morph type="suffix" guid="d7f713dd-e8cf-11d3-9764-00c04f186933">
<item type="txt" lang="mni-fonipa">-bə</item>
<item type="cf" lang="mni-fonipa">-pə</item>
<item type="gls" lang="en">-NOM</item>
<item type="msa" lang="en">v>n</item>
</morph>
<morph type="enclitic" guid="d7f713e1-e8cf-11d3-9764-00c04f186933">
<item type="txt" lang="mni-fonipa">=du</item>
<item type="cf" lang="mni-fonipa">tú</item>
<item type="hn" lang="en">1</item>
<item type="gls" lang="en">==DDET</item>
<item type="msa" lang="en"><Not Sure></item>
</morph>
<morph type="enclitic" guid="d7f713e1-e8cf-11d3-9764-00c04f186933">
<item type="txt" lang="mni-fonipa">=bu</item>
<item type="cf" lang="mni-fonipa">=pu</item>
<item type="gls" lang="en">==ADVR</item>
<item type="msa" lang="en"><Not Sure></item>
</morph>
</morphemes>
<item type="gls" lang="en">that one which is</item>
</word>
<word guid="ccaf9daf-4ad0-4f41-94e9-1574a512ec96">
<item type="txt" lang="mni-fonipa">kədaywaydəno</item>
<morphemes>
<morph type="stem" guid="d7f713e8-e8cf-11d3-9764-00c04f186933">
<item type="txt" lang="mni-fonipa">kəday</item>
<item type="cf" lang="mni-fonipa">kəday</item>
<item type="gls" lang="en">where</item>
<item type="msa" lang="en">adv </item>
</morph>
<morph type="stem" guid="d7f713e8-e8cf-11d3-9764-00c04f186933">
<item type="txt" lang="mni-fonipa">way</item>
<item type="cf" lang="mni-fonipa">way</item>
<item type="hn" lang="en">1</item>
<item type="gls" lang="en">thereabouts</item>
<item type="msa" lang="en"><Not Sure></item>
</morph>
<morph type="enclitic" guid="d7f713e1-e8cf-11d3-9764-00c04f186933">
<item type="txt" lang="mni-fonipa">=də</item>
<item type="cf" lang="mni-fonipa">=tə</item>
<item type="hn" lang="en">1</item>
<item type="gls" lang="en">==LOC</item>
<item type="msa" lang="en"><Not Sure></item>
</morph>
<morph type="enclitic" guid="d7f713e1-e8cf-11d3-9764-00c04f186933">
<item type="txt" lang="mni-fonipa">=no</item>
<item type="cf" lang="mni-fonipa">=no</item>
<item type="gls" lang="en">==INQ</item>
<item type="msa" lang="en"><Not Sure></item>
</morph>
</morphemes>
<item type="gls" lang="en">whereabouts it is?</item>
</word>
<word>
<item type="punct" lang="mni-fonipa">?</item>
</word>
</words>
<item type="gls" lang="en">By the way, do you know the whereabouts of that printing press?</item>
</phrase>
</phrases>
</paragraph>
Taken From: Chelliah, Shobhana Lakshmi (1997-01-01). A Grammar of Meithei. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110143218.